Which ethical framework emphasizes achieving the greatest good for the greatest number?

• A. Altruism
• B. Kantianism
• C. Utilitarianism
• D. Social Contract Theory

Answer: (C)

The emphasis on achieving the greatest good for the greatest number is a fundamental principle of utilitarianism. This ethical framework promotes actions that maximize overall happiness and well-being across the population. Utilitarianism assesses the moral worth of an action based on its outcomes, focusing on the overall benefits for society rather than individual rights or duties. This approach allows for a consequentialist evaluation, meaning that the ends can justify the means if they lead to a favorable result for the majority.

Utilitarianism is often associated with philosophers like Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, who highlighted the importance of collective welfare in ethical decision-making processes. By focusing on the result of actions and their impact on the community, utilitarianism directly addresses the balance between individual interests and the greater good.

In contrast, the other ethical frameworks mentioned, such as altruism, Kantianism, and social contract theory, center their moral evaluations on different principles (such as selflessness, duty, or agreements among individuals), thus making them distinct from the utilitarian approach.